WellFlow Labs

The named fallacies have long been a heterogeneous catalogue — equivocation, appeal to authority, false dilemma, category error — rather than a small generative structure. Asked across sixteen unrelated languages, a different picture emerges: apparently different failures repeatedly break at the same five structural boundaries — the axis, the operation, the method, the level, or the frame. Not that every bad argument says the same thing, but that reasoning loses its license in the same five places.

Read the boundaries once and you can catch a failure by its shape, before its consequences: in a rhetorical cheat, in a radiation overdose, in a language model that inherited our blind spots without inheriting our flinch.